yup try another os, a live cd of some linux distro should work, and see if you get the same problem.
if it is the same problem, try another card, if the same problem applies, it might be your hardware in the laptop, if you have an(other) usb card reader laying around try using that one.
If the above things all fail it's probably the card yes.
Next the corruption bug will and can not fry a sd card. However formatting sd cards like hell probably will wear it out more quickly. I think the same applies to usb sticks but am uncertain, i think i saw some warnings already about not formatting them.
Also a file based swap file on the sd card will wear it out more quickly as well.
and Lastly it also depends on the brand and class of sd card, like cheapo ass sd cards vs expensive good brands like