Okay... to achieve the same thing from a linux box (I'm not really an expert - but this is how I do it!). I make sure that I have copied any save files that are important to me from the sd card first.
You first need to know where your SD card is mounted. I'm using Ubuntu karmic on my acer aspireone netbook. Your distribution may mount the card somewhere different to mine! The way I do this is to:
open a terminal
type mount
plug in my sd card using a card reader (give it a second to be mounted)
then type mount again
and spot the difference!
When I do this I see that a new device has appeared at the end of the mount list called '/dev/sdb1' when I plugged in my sd card.
That's all I needed to know!
I can now run dosfsck to scan the card and fix those file system errors.
You need to replace the /dev/sdb1 part of this last command with whatever your device is called.
[email protected]:~$ sudo dosfsck -a /dev/sdb1